Correction, Retraction, and Withdrawal Policy
ALEXANDRIA (Journal of Economics, Business, & Entrepreneurship) is committed to maintaining the accuracy, reliability, transparency, and integrity of the scholarly record.
The journal follows the principles and recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) when handling corrections, retractions, withdrawals, and other post-publication concerns.
1. Correction Policy
Corrections may be issued when errors are identified in published articles that do not substantially invalidate the main findings or conclusions.
Corrections may include:
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Errors in author names or affiliations.
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Incorrect figures, tables, or statistical information.
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Minor inaccuracies in financial or economic data.
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Errors in references or supplementary materials.
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Other factual or editorial errors requiring clarification.
A correction notice will identify the original article, describe the error, and explain the correction.
The original article and correction notice will be linked where technically possible.
2. Retraction Policy
A published article may be retracted when reliable evidence demonstrates serious problems affecting its integrity or validity.
Grounds for retraction may include:
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Fabrication or falsification of research data.
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Plagiarism or substantial duplicate publication.
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Serious analytical or methodological errors invalidating the findings.
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Unethical research practices.
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Manipulation of peer review or authorship.
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Unauthorized use of confidential information.
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Other major violations of publication ethics.
Retraction notices will clearly state the reasons for retraction and identify the article concerned.
Retracted articles will ordinarily remain accessible with clear retraction labeling to preserve the scholarly record.
3. Withdrawal Policy
Authors may request withdrawal of a manuscript before publication by submitting a written request to the Editorial Office.
The request must include the manuscript title, submission identification, reasons for withdrawal, and confirmation from all authors.
The Editorial Board will evaluate the request according to the manuscript's editorial status and the circumstances involved.
Once an article has been formally published, withdrawal is generally not an appropriate mechanism for removing it from the scholarly record. Corrections or retractions will be considered when justified.
4. Expression of Concern
The Editorial Board may issue an Expression of Concern when serious questions regarding the reliability or integrity of a published article remain unresolved.
An Expression of Concern may be updated or replaced following the completion of an investigation.
5. Article Removal
Complete removal of a published article will be considered only in exceptional circumstances, such as legal requirements, serious privacy violations, or substantial risks to individuals.
Where possible, bibliographic information and an explanatory notice will remain accessible.
6. Editorial Responsibility
All decisions regarding corrections, retractions, withdrawals, and Expressions of Concern are made by the Editorial Board based on available evidence, publication ethics principles, and the need to maintain the integrity of the scholarly record.
