Aplikasi Bioteknologi dalam Pengendalian Aspergillus flavus dan Mitigasi Kontaminasi Aflatoksin pada Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Penulis

Auliya Safitri , Muhammad Sarjan , Muhammad Taufik Fauzi , Pending Dadih Permana

Diterbitkan:

2026-01-19

Terbitan:

Vol 1 No 3 (2025): JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Kata Kunci:

Aflatoksin, Bioteknologi, CRISPR, Gene Silencing, Kacang Tanah, RNAi

Artikel

Unduhan

Cara Mengutip

Safitri, A., Sarjan, M., Fauzi, M. T., & Permana, P. D. (2026). Aplikasi Bioteknologi dalam Pengendalian Aspergillus flavus dan Mitigasi Kontaminasi Aflatoksin pada Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.). Journal of Multidisciplinary Science and Natural Resource Management , 1(3), 53–61. Diambil dari https://jurnalpasca.unram.ac.id/index.php/jom/article/view/1438

Abstrak

Aflatoksin merupakan mikotoksin karsinogenik yang dihasilkan oleh jamur Aspergillus flavus dan A. parasiticus.

Kontaminasi senyawa ini paling banyak dijumpai pada kacang tanah di wilayah tropis, termasuk Indonesia. Kajian ini

bertujuan mengevaluasi berbagai pendekatan bioteknologi dalam mengendalikan A. flavus sekaligus menekan kontaminasi

aflatoksin pada kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.). Metode yang digunakan ialah Systematic Literature Review (SLR)

dengan menganalisis 11 jurnal ilmiah yang terbit pada rentang tahun 2015 hingga 2025. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa

teknologi Host-Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS) mampu menekan kontaminasi aflatoksin hingga kurang dari 20 ppb melalui

pembungkaman gen aflM dan aflP. Teknologi RNA interference (RNAi) dengan plasmid p5XCAPD berhasil menghambat

produksi aflatoksin B1 dan B2 hingga 100% pada galur transgenik. Pendekatan CRISPR/Cas9 juga menunjukkan potensi

dalam menyunting gen biosintesis aflatoksin serta meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman. Pendekatan genomik dan proteomik

berhasil mengidentifikasi gen-gen kunci seperti LOX, NBS-LRR, dan protein PR yang berperan dalam mekanisme ketahanan.

Perpaduan strategi pengendalian pra-panen dan pasca-panen dengan pendekatan bioteknologi memberikan harapan besar

untuk menekan kontaminasi aflatoksin secara efektif dan berkelanjutan.

Referensi

Ajmal, M., Bedale, W., Akram, A., & Yu, J.-H. (2022). Comprehensive Review of Aflatoxin Contamination, Impact on Health and Food Security, and Management Strategies in Pakistan. Toxins, 14(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14120845

Akullo, J. O., Okello, D. K., Mohammed, A., Muyinda, R., Amayo, R., Magumba, D., Gidoi, R., Njoroge, S., & Mweetwa, A. (2025). A Comprehensive Review of Aflatoxin in Groundnut and Maize Products in Africa: Prevalence, Detection and Mitigation Strategies. Journal of Food Quality, 2025(1). https://doi.org/10.1155/jfq/2810946

Arias, R. S., Dang, P. M., & Sobolev, V. S. (2015). RNAi-mediated control of aflatoxins in peanut: Method to analyze mycotoxin production and transgene expression in the peanut/aspergillus pathosystem. Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2015(106). https://doi.org/10.3791/53398

Bhatnagar-Mathur, P., Sunkara, S., Bhatnagar-Panwar, M., Waliyar, F., & Sharma, K. K. (2015). Biotechnological advances for combating Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination in crops. In Plant Science (Vol. 234, pp. 119–132). Elsevier Ireland Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.02.009

Broto, W. (2018). STATUS CEMARAN DAN UPAYA PENGEDALIAN AFLATOKSIN PADA KOMODITAS SEREALIA DAN ANEKA KACANG TANAH. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian. https://doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v37n2.2018.p81-90

Chowdhury, S., Datta, A., Ferdous, M.-E.-M., & Sinha, D. (2022). Genetic Transformation of Arachis hypogaea Using Novel Genes Conferring Fungal Resistance-A Review. HORIZON E-Plublishing Group. https://plantsciencetoday.online

Gelaye, Y. (2025). Integrated breeding, genomics, and epigenetic approaches enhance aflatoxin resistance in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under pathogen and climate stress. Vegetos. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-025-01546-x

Han, S. J., Chae, J., Kim, H. J., Kim, J. H., Chung, Y. S., Karthik, S., & Heo, J. B. (2025). CRISPR-Mediated Genome Editing in Peanuts: Unlocking Trait Improvement for a Sustainable Future. In Plants (Vol. 14, Issue 21). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14213302

Jayaprakash, A., Thanmalagan, R. R., Roy, A., Arunachalam, A., & Lakshmi, P. T. V. (2019). Strategies to understand Aspergillus flavus resistance mechanism in Arachis hypogaea L. In Current Plant Biology (Vol. 20). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2019.100123

Khadgi, A., Lekkala, S., Verma, P. K., Puppala, N., & Janga, M. R. (2025). Emerging Strategies for Aflatoxin Resistance in Peanuts via Precision Breeding. In Toxins (Vol. 17, Issue 8). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17080394

Konatham, A., Gaddam, V. R., & Cochran, D. S. (2026). Progress Roadmap and Information Hub for Purdue University Fort Wayne Student Success. In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems: Vol. 1605 LNNS. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-03722-0_10

Pandey, M. K., Kumar, R., Pandey, A. K., Soni, P., Gangurde, S. S., Sudini, H. K., Fountain, J. C., Liao, B., Desmae, H., Okori, P., Chen, X., Jiang, H., Mendu, V., Falalou, H., Njoroge, S., Mwololo, J., Guo, B., Zhuang, W., Wang, X., … Varshney, R. K. (2019). Mitigating aflatoxin contamination in groundnut through a combination of genetic resistance and post-harvest management practices. In Toxins (Vol. 11, Issue 6). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060315

Prasad, K., Yogendra, K., Sanivarapu, H., Rajasekaran, K., Cary, J. W., Sharma, K. K., & Bhatnagar-Mathur, P. (2023). Multiplexed Host-Induced Gene Silencing of Aspergillus flavus Genes Confers Aflatoxin Resistance in Groundnut. Toxins, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15050319

Pushkarna, S., Gaba, K., Kharod, S., Kumar, A., Devi, S. U., Suneja, P., & Dang, A. S. (2025). Afatoxigenic Fungi: Human Health Impacts and Control Methods. In Aflatoxigenic Fungi Its Impact on Plant Animal and Human Health. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003487043-25

Salsabila, A. T., Wardhani, R. M., Chodijayanti, A., Puryani, Damat, & Anggriani, R. (2021). Penetapan Kadar Aflatoksin B1, B2, G1, dan G2 pada Olahan Kacang Tanah dengan Metode HPLC Info Artikel. Jurnal Teknologi Pangan Dan Hasil Pertanian, 16(2), 2021–2022. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/jtphp.v16i1

Sharma, K. K., Pothana, A., Prasad, K., Shah, D., Kaur, J., Bhatnagar, D., Chen, Z. Y., Raruang, Y., Cary, J. W., Rajasekaran, K., Sudini, H. K., & Bhatnagar-Mathur, P. (2018). Peanuts that keep aflatoxin at bay: a threshold that matters. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 16(5), 1024–1033. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12846

Wang, X., You, S.-H., Lien, K.-W., & Ling, M.-P. (2019). Using disease-burden method to evaluate the strategies for reduction of aflatoxin exposure in peanuts. Toxicology Letters, 314, 75–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.07.006

Biografi Penulis

Auliya Safitri, Program Studi Magister Pertanian Lahan Kering, Pascasarjana Universitas Mataram, Kota Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat 83115, Indonesia

Muhammad Sarjan, Program Studi Magister Pertanian Lahan Kering, Pascasarjana Universitas Mataram, Kota Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat 83115, Indonesia

Muhammad Taufik Fauzi, Program Studi Magister Pertanian Lahan Kering, Pascasarjana Universitas Mataram, Kota Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat 83115, Indonesia

Pending Dadih Permana, Program Studi Magister Pertanian Lahan Kering, Pascasarjana Universitas Mataram, Kota Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat 83115, Indonesia

Lisensi

Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Auliya Safitri, Muhammad Sarjan, Muhammad Taufik Fauzi, Pending Dadih Permana

Creative Commons License

Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.