Utilization of IoT-Based Smart Traps in Controlling Fruit Flies (Bactrocera spp.) in Chili Plants

Abstract

Fruit fly (Bactrocera spp.) infestations are a major threat to chili pepper cultivation in Indonesia, causing losses due to reduced crop quality and quantity. Conventional control with chemical pesticides is often ineffective, produces hazardous residues, and risks triggering pest resistance. Precision agriculture offers an alternative through Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart traps, which enable more efficient, accurate, and environmentally friendly pest control. This study examines the implementation of IoT smart traps in fruit fly detection and control on chili peppers through a systematic literature review. The method used was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by searching articles from Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using keywords such as IoT, smart trap, Bactrocera, chili pepper, pest monitoring, and precision agriculture. Selection criteria included publications within the last 10 years, discussing IoT for fruit fly control, full-text availability, and presentation of technical data on the device and application results. Data were analyzed to identify technology trends, sensor types, detection effectiveness, and barriers to adoption at the farmer level. The study results indicate that IoT smart traps generally combine camera sensors, sticky traps or pheromone lures, wireless communication modules, and cloud computing systems to monitor fruit fly populations in real time. This technology improves timely control, reduces pesticide use, and supports data-driven cultivation decisions. Implementation challenges include device cost, internet network stability, and farmers' digital literacy. The study confirms the significant potential of IoT smart traps in controlling fruit flies in chili peppers and opens up opportunities for developing devices that are more affordable, adaptive, and compatible with Indonesian agroecosystems.