Journal of Sustainable Dryland Agricultural Systems

Yield potential test of promising lines of red and black rice in dryland of low altitude in Central Lombok, Indonesia

I.G.P.M. Aryana — 2022-12-21

Red and black rice are important functional food ingredients because of their high anthocyanin content, which is very beneficial for health. One of the steps to produce new superior varieties of rice is the implementation of field yield testing. The purpose of this activity was to examine yield potential of ideal types of red rice and black rice in upland growing environment of low altitudes. The field test was carried out from April to August 2021 in Central Lombok, at altitude of 100 m above sea level, which was designed using a Randomized Block Design with 15 treatments, namely 5 lines of ideal type red rice resulted from F5 Pedigree selection, 5 lines of black rice resulted from F10 bulk selection of F4 Pedigre, and 4 parents (“F2BC4P19-36” promising line of red rice, “Baas Selem”, “Situ Patenggang” and “Inpago Unram 1” varieties), all of which were made in three replications (blocks). Observation variables included plant height, days to flowering and harvest, number of productive and non-productive tillers, panicle length, number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle, weight of 100 grains, grain yield per clump and potential yield of tons/ha. The results showed that potential yield of the red rice line G6 (F5IPB3S/F2BC4P19-63//Fat/F2BC4P19-63-PD3/83 (5.14 t/ha) and black rice line G10F91/1/6/P3 (5.29 t/ha) were lower than the comparison variety “Inpago Unram 1” (7.58 t/ha) but did not differ from its parents, namely red rice “GH F2BC4P19-36” (5.49 t/ha), “Baas Selem” (4.83 t/ha) and “Situ Patenggang” (4.89 t/ha).

Growth and yield of peanut relay-planted between rows of waxy maize as affected by row proportion and mycorrhiza biofertilizer

Wayan Wangiyana — 2023-04-25

One reason for low peanut production in Indonesia is unavailability of sufficient land area for peanut cultivation, so additive intercropping is a possible solution. This study aimed to examine the effects of mycorrhiza biofertilizer and row proportions on growth and yield of peanut relay-planted between rows of waxy maize under normal plant spacing of maize. The field experiment was conducted on rainfed land in Narmada, West Lombok, Indonesia, from June to August 2017, which was designed according to Split Plot Design with two treatment factors, i.e. application of mycorrhiza biofertilizer (M0= without; M1= with mycorrhiza biofertilizer) as the main plots, and intercropping with different row proportions of peanut-maize (R0= monocropped peanut; R1= relay-planting 1 row; R2= relay-planting 2 rows; and R3= relay-planting 3 rows of peanut between two rows of waxy maize) as the subplots. The results indicated that mycorrhiza biofertilizer and row proportions of peanut to maize had an interaction effect on peanut leaf number at 7 weeks, average growth rate of leaf number, and grain yield per clump but not per plot. However, relay-planting 3 rows of peanut between rows of waxy maize under mycorrhiza biofertilization increased peanut grain yield per m², with an average peanut grain yield of 1.97 ton/ha or 75.59% of grain yield of the monocropped peanut. Therefore, peanut production can be done between rows of waxy maize of normal population, especially with application of mycorrhiza biofertilizer, which could contribute up to 1.97 ton/ha peanut grain yield in addition to the waxy maize yield.

The Presence of predators of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) on curly red chili (Capsicum annum L.) plantation with refugia

Ruth Stella Thei — 2023-04-25

Curly red chili is one of the leading and strategic horticultural commodities, but it cannot be separated from attacks by various pests, one of which is the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Genn (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Utilization of refugia plants is a compatible control alternative, because it can encourage the conservation of natural enemies such as predators. This study aims to determine the effect of several types of refugia plants on the presence of Arthropod predators of whitefly pests on curly chili (Capsicum annum L.). The treatments in this study were sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L), marigold flower plants (Tagetes erecta), paper flower plants (Zinnia elegans Jacq) and controls (without refugia). The design used was a randomized block design. Sampling of predatory arthropods was carried out using yellow pan traps which were set in the morning and left for 24 hours. The caught predators were identified at the Laboratory of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram. The observed variables included the type and characteristics of the predatory whitefly arthropods found, and the population of predators. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the number of predator species on curly chili plants with refugia was higher (8 species) than on control plants (7 species). Planting refugia in curly chili plantation significantly increased the population of predatory arthropods but the refugia species between sunflower, marigold and zinnia plants did not show any differences in predatory arthropod populations on red chili plants

The Effectiveness of Several Repellent Plants to Control Thrips (Thrips sp.) in Small Chile (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Ruth Stella Thei — 2023-04-25

Insect pests such as Thrips sp. can result in yield losses in chili up to 23%. To suppress its attacks while reducing pesticide use, repellent plants can be grown at the edges as the barrier of the insects to decrease pest populations. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of several types of edge plants as repellents to control the population and intensity of Thrips attack on small chili (Capsicum frutescens L), by conducting a experiment in the field located in the village of Nyiur Lembang, Narmada District, West Lombok Regency. The experimental design used was a randomized block design (RBD) with four treatments, namely chili + basil, chili + marigold, chili + onion and monocropped chili (control), each of which was replicated six times. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s HSD at 5% significance level. The results showed that the use of basil, marigold and shallots as repellents was effective in reducing the population and intensity of Thrips pest attacks on chili plants. The Thrips population on chili planted with basil, marigold, and shallots was significantly lower than the control plants. The highest average population of Thrips was in control plants (3.52 individuals), while in the plants treated with basil, marigold and shallot were 2.40; 2.60 and 2.79 individuals, respectively. The intensity of attack by Thrips sp was significantly higher in the control (3.70%) than in the treated chili plants, i.e. only 2.91% under the treatment with basil, 3.15% with marigold, and 3.32% with shallots.